Although 'Fieldwork Safety' contains information that is relevant to all academic stages this resource is essentially a self-study package written for undergraduate students in the U.K. This resource covers safety issues associated with those field environments likely to be visited by geology students during their undergraduate programmes of study. Please note that this package does not explicitly address geological mapping field camps and overseas fieldwork, both of which present specific safety issues. It is hoped that this resource may be used to prepare students for activities they may be expected to undertake during planned field classes and help them to not only understand the process of risk assessment, but also recognise their own responsibilities for the health and safety of themselves and others. This resource is also intended to serve as an aide memoire and assist with the process of risk assessment for those undergraduates preparing for independent investigative fieldwork later in their courses. The information in 'Fieldwork Safety' is based around the basic health and safety standards required for fieldwork in the U.K. and users are reminded that these requirements may differ from the requirements in other parts of the world. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information given in this self-study package is correct at the time of writing. If you consider that any of the advice given here is inappropriate and/or wish to send recommendations for improving this package, then please do not hesitate to contact Maggie Williams via: hiatus@liverpool.ac.uk

This self-study package on Fieldwork Safety is designed to make you aware of safety issues and to alert you to the sorts of hazards that you are likely to meet when working in the field. It is very important that you behave in a sensible, professional and safe manner, so that you do not put your colleagues, members of the public or yourself at risk. Fieldwork safety requires you to take care and apply common sense. You should be observant at all times and give a warning of any dangers that you see and warn others if you see them in danger.

Remember: • Many field environments are hazardous places and you may need all your wits about you. • Beware of the effects of alcohol and drugs and risk of impaired judgement, lack of balance, drowsiness, lack of concentration & irrational behaviour. • Never take illicit drugs. • Never drink more than the legal limit for driving when you are undertaking fieldwork. WARNING: While this package covers most of the hazards that you may meet, there may be hazards that it does not. You should also take guidance from your institution's Health and Safety Department. Acknowledgements

IMAGES British Geological Survey for use of the following images from the BGS online database (GeoScenic): P001491, P211708 (working quarries and pits section) & P001587, P212317, P222192, P222245, P001491 (disused mines section). The Geologists' Association for use of the image showing the front cover of their leaflet 'Geological Fieldwork Code'. Tim Jasper, Brand Director, Rohan for permission to use photographs of Rohan clothing and equipment produced by Rohan Designs Ltd. Maggie & Peter Williams (Liverpool University) for all other images used. All images remain the copyright of these individuals and/or organisations.

OTHER CREDITS To the following for the web-based sources of information used in this package: British Geological Survey British Mountaineering Council Cotswold Camping Geological Society of London Google Maps Mineral Products Association (MPA) National Heart Foundation Natural England Next Generation Text Service St John Ambulance The Geologists' Association The British Heart Foundation The British Red Cross UK Admiralty Hydrographic Office (UKHO) UK Soil Observatory (UKSO) YouTube

SPECIAL THANKS To Hazel Clark and Alison Stokes for their helpful and constructive comments on draft versions of this resource. To the HEA GEES Subject Centre L&T Development Fund. To the University of Liverpool for encouraging development of this resource.

This package was designed and written by Maggie Williams, Peter Williams and Alan Boyle (University of Liverpool).

This work is licensed under the terms of the Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales license. For details see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/uk

If you encounter problems with using this resource, please contact Maggie Williams via:

hiatus@liverpool.ac.uk